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SEGANTINI,
Giovanni/
ARTISTS 1650-1899/ ART MAIN
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(b. 1858 Arco, d. 1899
Shafberg)
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Born in 1858 in Arco, in the province of Trentino, on the northern bank of
Lake Garda, Giovanni Segantini attended the Brera Academy of Fine Arts
in Milan. Subsequently, he lived in the Brianza region, and then moved
to Switzerland in 1886. He first settled with his family in Savognin,
but from 1894 he was based in Maloja and Soglio. Segantini died of
peritonitis in 1899, at the early age of 41, while working on the middle
section of his Alpine Triptych, Nature, on the Schafberg high above
Pontresina.
Already during his lifetime, Segantini was celebrated through much of
Europe as an innovator and prophet, as well as an important symbolist
painter. His early works, executed in Milan and Brianza, still bear
testimony to the traditional Lombard style of painting. After moving the
Alps, with its pure, clear air, the artist was able to develop a style
which exuded radiance and at the same time went hand in hand with the
evolution of the Divisionism painting technique and his progression
towards Symbolism.
At the end of the 19th century, Giovanni Segantini executed a panorama
conveying an underlying universal truth; his impressive Alpine Triptych,
Life – Nature – Death, was one of the last paintings of its kind in that
era. The work – a large-dimensional portrayal of the life cycle – was
intended for the Paris World Exhibition in 1900 and depicts human
existence in harmony with nature. The landscapes and simple characters
portrayed are woven into the eternal rhythm of the changing seasons.
In 1880 he married and moved with his wife to Pusiano in Brianza,
where he painted with financial support from Victor Grubicy who,
together with
his brother, dealt with the art market.
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White Gander |
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Segantini’s life was both extremely uneventful
and at the same time very much out of the ordinary. After losing first his mother then his father at a
very early age, he was brought up by a half-sister until, aged twelve,
he ran away from home, whereupon he found himself placed in an
institution. He received almost no education and learned to read and write quite
late. In fact, his talent for drawing emerged first, which he
developed at the Brera Fine Arts Academy in Milan.
Since his sister
had requested that his Austrian citizenship be annulled (although she
did not take the trouble to see that
he become Italian,) Segantini thus spent his entire life as stateless,
becoming a naturalised Swiss citizen only after his death.
After he left for Switzerland in 1886, this made travel difficult for him, with only a few visits to Milan for which he had to apply for
special authorisation. Although he quickly became very successful and
participated in many international exhibitions, he was never able to go
abroad to see them. Much of his knowledge of the contemporary visual
arts was therefore acquired through journals and books as well
as thanks to his lifelong dealer, Vittorio Grubicy de Dragon, who
introduced him notably to the painters of The Hague School, particularly
Anton Mauve, but also Jean-François Millet, the source of a profound
influence on his art.
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Segantini Museum
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Segantini’s themes deal essentially with peasant scenes and mountain
landscapes. Some of the Italian’s canvases allude quite
openly to the works of Jean-François Millet
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He represents the poor but without dramatisng their misery, evoking the
harmony between man and animals. These scenes are silent and imbued
with a certain mysticism, a reflection of his pantheistic philosophy of life. Segantini was
always attracted to nature - leading him finally to his death from
peritonitis during an outing in the mountains, when he was unable to
return to town in time to find a doctor. |
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